Antibiotics are one of the most important tools in modern medicine. These drugs can mean the difference between life and death when people become infected with a bacterial infection - from staphylococcus to salmonella to bacterial pneumonia. But excessive and improper use of these drugs make bacteria resistant to most major antibiotics. Resistance to antibiotics complicates treatment and often leads to longer and more serious disease, and in some cases even death. According to the research team associated with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), only in 2002, 99,000 people died in the United States of nosocomial infections. Children, the elderly and chronic patients are particularly vulnerable to antibiotic infections. In 1998 the Institute of Medicine assumed that resistance to antibiotics of at least $ 4 billion $ 5 billion a year in additional costs in the health care dollars. More recently, researchers Alliance for the prudent use of antibiotics and Cook County Hospital in Chicago estimated that this figure increased to $ 16. 6 billion $ 26 billion a year. For these reasons, CDC announced that resistance to antibiotics is one of its major problems. Overuse and misuse of antibiotics are the main causes of increased prevalence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Antibiotics abuse by consumers when prescriptions are not completely (thus not able to kill bacteria). In other cases people with viral infections like cold and flu incorrectly believe that antibiotics will not help. In fact, antibiotics do not work against viral infections. Finally, some industrial methods of agriculture leads to overuse of antibiotics, as described below. In human health care, antibiotics are usually confined to the treatment of disease. Unlike antibiotics, often used on industrial farms not only to treat sick animals, but also to compensate for overcrowding and poor sanitary conditions and to stimulate growth in animals. In fact, up to 70 percent of all antibiotics sold in the U.S. are given healthy food animals. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration, USDA and CDC testified before Congress that there is a connection between the final procedure is not therapeutic use of antibiotics in food production and animal crisis antibiotic resistance in humans. The American Medical Association, American Academy of Pediatrics and other leading medical groups all warn that regular use of antibiotics in food animals is a serious and growing threat to human health because it creates new strains of dangerous antibiotic-resistant bacteria. More than 25 million pounds of antibiotics per year is used as a non-therapeutic treatment to artificially accelerate the growth of animals and food to compensate for the effects of unsanitary conditions at the farm. This makes the U.S. one of the largest users of antibiotics in food animal products in the world. Most antibiotics used on strattera no prescritpion farms in the United States obtained and used without consultation with a veterinarian. Lack of control, combined with the value of antibiotics for non-medical purposes, has potentially serious consequences for human health. Working together, citizens, government, industry and NGOs, interest has the tools to reduce the excessive and improper use of antibiotics:
People can practice safe and effective use of antibiotics only with him, when and as prescribed by your doctor. Food animal can make cost-effective alternative strategies for hygienic prevention of animal diseases and to stop using antibiotics in feed to promote growth. Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act brings simple, no therapeutic use of seven classes of antibiotics vital to human health of food animals, if animals or herds of patients with diagnosed. Federal legislation such as this, and / or regulation is necessary to preserve the effectiveness of these vital drugs and to protect human health. Pew Campaign on Human Health and Industrial agriculture is to preserve antibiotics by the gradual abandonment of routine use of drugs in food animal products. Our efforts can be divided into three basic categories - education, information and advocacy. We monitor and promote innovative research of governmental, academic and other experts on new antibiotics crisis in health care support and its relationship with industrial agriculture. We promote public understanding of the relationship between food animals and resistance to antibiotics, using a number of tactics, including advertising, such as printed in this bulletin. And let interested parties know about the safe, economical, hygienic alternative to routine use of antibiotics in food animals. We create partnerships with medical, agricultural, veterinary and charity groups who share our vision of sound food animal production technologies that do not undermine long-term viability of antibiotics and rescue capabilities. We work with parents, doctors, manufacturers of drugs, companies farmers and consumers to help reduce the excessive and improper use of antibiotics and encourage American manufacturers and retailers to sell and serve meat raised without the mandatory use of antibiotics. We work to educate policy makers about the importance of solving the problem of costs and health effects of resistance to antibiotics, the problem of America. We urge Congress, federal agencies and the executive government to initiate legislative and regulatory measures that will ensure that the amount of antibiotics used in reporting and excessive and improper use of these drugs on industrial farms is reduced to protect human health and animals. 1 RM Klevens et al. , "Assessment of Healthcare-associated infections and deaths in hospitals, USA, 2002,"
Public Health 2007 report, 122:16-166. 2 Catherine Shia, K. Florini, T. Barlam "When wonder drugs do not work: As resistance to antibiotics threatens children, elderly and medical Vulnerable" (Washington, DC: Foundation for Environmental Protection, 2001). 3 Polly Harrison J. Lederberhom "antibiotic resistance: questions and options," Workshop Report, Forum for new infections, the Department of Health and Sciences Policy, Institute of Medicine (Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1998). 4 James Gallagher "," Triangle
Business Journal,
October 19, 2009 (as of July 15, 2010). By: Rebecca R. Roberts, et al. "Hospitals and social costs of antimicrobial resistant infections in the hospital of Chicago: Implications for Antibiotic Stewardship"
Clinical Infectious Diseases 49 (2009): 1175-1184. 5 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
antibiotics FAQ resistance
(accessed July 22, 2010). 6 Margaret Mellon, C. Benbrook and KL Benbrook,
distortion It! Evaluation of antimicrobial abuse in livestock
(Cambridge, MA: Union of Concerned Scientists, 2001). 7 Hearing: July 12, 2010. 8 Ibid. 0 Frank Aarestrup Nancy Pelosi, September 2009 (as of July 15, 2010). 10 James M. MacDonald and WD McBride, "Transformation of U.S. Livestock Agriculture: scope, effectiveness and risks"
economic newsletter
not. 43 (2009). Economic Research Service of USDA. .
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